Development of Lead-Free Materials for Electrocaloric Components
Schriftenreihe Kompetenzen in Keramik / Publication series competencies in ceramics, Band 72
Zhenglyu Li
Hrsg.: Alexander Michaelis; Fraunhofer IKTS, Dresden
2026, 146 S., num., mostly col. illus. and tab, Softcover
Dresden, TU, Diss., 2026
Fraunhofer Verlag
ISBN 978-3-8396-2203-2

zur Open Access Version

Inhalt
This dissertation discusses lead-free materials for electrocaloric solid-state cooling as a promising alternative to conventional vapor-compression technique, offering higher energy efficiency and environmentally friendly operation. However, electrocaloric systems have not yet been commercialized and are mainly demonstrated in prototypes, typically based on lead-containing materials. In order to comply with environmental regulations and enable sustainable device development, the design of lead-free electrocaloric materials is essential.

To fabricate multilayer ceramic components based on modified barium titanate, different sintering aids, grain growth inhibitors, and hydrothermal synthesis were systematically investigated to reduce sintering temperature and grain size. The effects of microstructure on the electrical properties, dielectric strength, and electrocaloric performance were also studied. The resulting lead-free multilayer ceramics with an average grain size of 1.7 µm achieved electrocaloric temperature changes of 1.4 K under an electric field change of 30 V/µm, and represent the most promising candidates for lead-free electrocaloric cooling devices.

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